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HTTP/1.0 200 OK Cache-Control: no-cache, private Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2025 16:25:36 GMT
technical parameter | Catalog-ID 000013
Bm
1
DIN 488-1 B500A
Bm
2
DIN 488-1 B500A
α
β
x
y
t
1
t
2
D
1
8.0 mm
D
2
8.0 mm
R
h
1
2.0 mm
h
2
w
1
14.0 mm
w
2
a
1
a
2
s
1
s
2
Fracture test: ISO 9017 / Assessment norm (ISO 5817: B)
No.
DL / WL
position of
fracture
2011 - gas pore
Y/N
X
2016 - worm-hole
Y/N
X
0301 - slag inclusion
Y/N
X
4011 - lack of fusion
Y/N
X
4012 - lack of fusion
Y/N
X
4013 - lack of fusion
Y/N
X
0402 - incomplete penetration (lack of penetration)
Y/N
X
Assessmente = accepted / ne = not accepted
DL
WL
parent metal
weld metal
Weld interface
0100 | crack: imperfection produced by a local rupture in the solid state which can arise from the e...
0101 | longitudinal crack: crack essentially parallel to the axis of the weld
0102 | transverse crack: crack essentially transverse to the axis of the weld
0103 | radiating cracks: cracks radiating from a common point
0104 | crater crack: crack in the crater at the end of a weld which can be
0105 | group of disconnected cracks: group of disconnected cracks in any direction
0106 | branching crack: group of connected cracks originating from a common crack and distinguishabl...
0201 | gas cavity: cavity formed by entrapped gas
0202 | shrinkage cavity: cavity due to shrinkage during solidification
0203 | micro-shrinkage: shrinkage cavity visible only under the microscope
0300 | solid inclusion: solid foreign substances entrapped in the weld metal
0301 | slag inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of slag
0302 | flux inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of flux
0303 | oxide inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of metallic oxide
0304 | metallic inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of foreign metal
0401 | lack of fusion: lack of union between the weld metal and the parent material or between the s...
0402 | incomplete penetration (lack of penetration): difference between the actual and the nominal p...
0403 | spiking: extremely non-uniform penetration occurring in electron-beam and laser welding givin...
0500 | imperfect shape: imperfect shape of the external surfaces of the weld or defective joint geom...
0501 | undercut: irregular groove at a toe of a run in the parent material or in previously deposite...
0502 | excess weld metal: reinforcement of the butt weld on the face is too large
0503 | excessive convexity: reinforcement of the fillet is too large
0504 | excessive penetration: reinforcement of the butt weld on the root side is too large
0505 | incorrect weld toe: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material surface ...
0506 | weld metal overflow: excessive weld metal covering the parent material surface but not fused ...
0507 | linear misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that they are not in the sam...
0508 | angular misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that their surface planes a...
0509 | leading weld metal: weld metal collapse due to gravity
0510 | burn-through: collapse of the weld pool resulting in a hole in the weld
0511 | incompletely filled groove: longitudinal continuous or intermittent channel in the surface of...
0512 | excessive asymmetry of fillet weld (excessive unequal leg length): explanation not necessary
0513 | irregular width: excessive variation in width of the weld
0514 | irregular surface: excessive surface roughness
0515 | root concavity: shallow groove due to shrinkage of a butt weld at the root (see also 5013)
0516 | root porosity: spongy formation at the root of a weld due to bubbling of the weld metal at th...
0517 | poor restart: local surface irregularity at a weld restart
0520 | excessive distortion: dimensional deviation due to shrinkage and distortion of welds
0521 | incorrect weld dimensions: deviation from prescribed dimensions of the weld
0600 | miscellaneous imperfections: all imperfections which cannot be included in groups 1 to 5
0601 | arc strike stray arc: local damage to the surface of the parent material adjacent to the weld...
0602 | spatter: globules of weld metal or filler metal expelled during welding and adhering to the s...
0603 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0604 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0605 | chipping mark: ocal damage due to use of a chisel or other tools
0606 | underflushing: reduction in the thickness of the workpiece due to excessive grinding
0607 | tack weld imperfection: imperfection resulting from defective tack welding, e.g.
0608 | misalignment of opposite runs: difference between the centrelines of two runs made from oppos...
0610 | temper colours (visible oxide film): lightly oxidized surface in the weld zone, e.g. in stain...
0613 | scaled surface: heavily oxidized surface in the weld zone
0614 | flux residue: flux residue that is not sufficiently removed from the surface
0615 | slag residue: adherent slag that is not sufficiently removed from the surface of the weld
0617 | incorrect root gap for fillet welds: excessive or insufficient gap between the parts to be jo...
0618 | swelling: imperfection due to a burning on welded joints in light alloys resulting from a pro...
1001 | microcrack: crack visible only under the microscope
1011 | longitudinal crack: in the weld metal,
1012 | longitudinal crack: at the weld junction
1013 | longitudinal crack: in the heat-affected zone
1014 | longitudinal crack: in the parent material
1023 | transverse crack: in the weld metal
1023 | transverse crack: in the heat-affected zone
1024 | transverse crack: in the parent material
1031 | radiating cracks: in the weld metal
1033 | radiating cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1034 | radiating cracks: in the parent material
1045 | crater crack: longitudinal
1046 | crater crack: transverse
1047 | crater crack: radiating (star cracking).
1051 | group of disconnected cracks: in the weld metal
1053 | group of disconnected cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1054 | group of disconnected cracks: in the parent material
1061 | branching crack: in the weld metal
1063 | branching crack: in the heat-affected zone
1064 | branching crack: in the parent material
2011 | gas pore: gas cavity of essentially spherical form
2012 | uniformly distributed porosity: number of gas pores distributed in a substantially uniform ma...
2013 | clustered (localized) porosity: group of gas pores having a random geometric distribution
2014 | linear porosity: row of gas pores situated parallel to the axis of the weld
2015 | elongated cavity: large, non-spherical cavity with its major dimension approximately parallel...
2016 | worm-hole: tubular cavity in weld metal caused by release of gas
2017 | surface pore: gas pore that breaks the surface of the weld
2018 | surface porosity: porosity appearing at the surface of the weld single or multiple gas caviti...
2021 | interdendritic shrinkage: elongated shrinkage cavity that can contain entrapped gas, formed b...
2024 | crater pipe: shrinkage cavity at the end of a weld run and not eliminated before or during su...
2025 | end crater pipe: open crater with a hole reducing the cross-section of the weld
2031 | interdendritic microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage formed between dendrites during cool...
2032 | transgranular microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage cavity crossing grains during solidif...
3011 | slag inclusion: linear
3012 | slag inclusion: isolated
3013 | slag inclusion: clustered
3021 | flux inclusion: linear
3022 | flux inclusion: isolated
3023 | flux inclusion: clustered
3031 | oxide inclusion: linear
3032 | oxide inclusion: isolated
3033 | oxide inclusion: clustered
3034 | puckering: in certain cases, especially in aluminium alloys, gross oxide film enfoldment can ...
3041 | metallic inclusion: tungsten
3042 | metallic inclusion: copper
3043 | metallic inclusion: other metal
4011 | lack of fusion: lack of side-wall fusion
4012 | lack of fusion: lack of inter-run fusion
4013 | lack of fusion: lack of root fusion
4014 | lack of fusion: micro-lack of fusion
4021 | incomplete root penetration: one or both fusion faces of the root are not melted
5011 | continuous undercut: undercut of significant length without interruption
5012 | intermittent undercut: short length of undercut, intermittent along the weld
5013 | shrinkage grooves: undercuts visible on each side of the root run
5014 | inter-run undercut (interpass undercut): undercut in the longitudinal direction between weld ...
5015 | local intermittent undercut: short undercuts, irregularly spaced, on the side or on the surfa...
5051 | incorrect weld toe angle: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material su...
5052 | incorrect weld toe angle: incorrect weld toe radius too small a radius (r) at the toe of the ...
5061 | Weld metal overflow at the top layer: toe overlap at the weld toe
5062 | Weld metal overflow on the root side: root overlap at the weld root
5071 | linear misalignment between plates: pieces are plates
5072 | linear misalignment between tubes: pieces are tubes
5091 | leading weld metal: sagging in the horizontal position
5092 | leading weld metal: sagging in the flat or overhead position
5093 | leading weld metal: sagging in a fillet weld
5094 | leading weld metal: sagging (melting) at the edge of the weld
5171 | poor restart: in the capping run
5172 | poor restart: in the root run
5211 | excessive weld thickness: weld thickness is too large
5212 | excessive weld width: weld width is too large
5213 | insufficient throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too small
5214 | excessive throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too large
6021 | tungsten spatter: particles of tungsten transferred from the electrode to the surface of pare...
6071 | tack weld imperfection: broken run or no penetration
6072 | tack weld imperfection: defective tack has been overwelded
6101 | discolouration: visibly tinted surface layers in the weld metal and heataffected zone caused ...
a
na
DL
WL
parent metal
weld metal
Weld interface
0100 | crack: imperfection produced by a local rupture in the solid state which can arise from the e...
0101 | longitudinal crack: crack essentially parallel to the axis of the weld
0102 | transverse crack: crack essentially transverse to the axis of the weld
0103 | radiating cracks: cracks radiating from a common point
0104 | crater crack: crack in the crater at the end of a weld which can be
0105 | group of disconnected cracks: group of disconnected cracks in any direction
0106 | branching crack: group of connected cracks originating from a common crack and distinguishabl...
0201 | gas cavity: cavity formed by entrapped gas
0202 | shrinkage cavity: cavity due to shrinkage during solidification
0203 | micro-shrinkage: shrinkage cavity visible only under the microscope
0300 | solid inclusion: solid foreign substances entrapped in the weld metal
0301 | slag inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of slag
0302 | flux inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of flux
0303 | oxide inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of metallic oxide
0304 | metallic inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of foreign metal
0401 | lack of fusion: lack of union between the weld metal and the parent material or between the s...
0402 | incomplete penetration (lack of penetration): difference between the actual and the nominal p...
0403 | spiking: extremely non-uniform penetration occurring in electron-beam and laser welding givin...
0500 | imperfect shape: imperfect shape of the external surfaces of the weld or defective joint geom...
0501 | undercut: irregular groove at a toe of a run in the parent material or in previously deposite...
0502 | excess weld metal: reinforcement of the butt weld on the face is too large
0503 | excessive convexity: reinforcement of the fillet is too large
0504 | excessive penetration: reinforcement of the butt weld on the root side is too large
0505 | incorrect weld toe: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material surface ...
0506 | weld metal overflow: excessive weld metal covering the parent material surface but not fused ...
0507 | linear misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that they are not in the sam...
0508 | angular misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that their surface planes a...
0509 | leading weld metal: weld metal collapse due to gravity
0510 | burn-through: collapse of the weld pool resulting in a hole in the weld
0511 | incompletely filled groove: longitudinal continuous or intermittent channel in the surface of...
0512 | excessive asymmetry of fillet weld (excessive unequal leg length): explanation not necessary
0513 | irregular width: excessive variation in width of the weld
0514 | irregular surface: excessive surface roughness
0515 | root concavity: shallow groove due to shrinkage of a butt weld at the root (see also 5013)
0516 | root porosity: spongy formation at the root of a weld due to bubbling of the weld metal at th...
0517 | poor restart: local surface irregularity at a weld restart
0520 | excessive distortion: dimensional deviation due to shrinkage and distortion of welds
0521 | incorrect weld dimensions: deviation from prescribed dimensions of the weld
0600 | miscellaneous imperfections: all imperfections which cannot be included in groups 1 to 5
0601 | arc strike stray arc: local damage to the surface of the parent material adjacent to the weld...
0602 | spatter: globules of weld metal or filler metal expelled during welding and adhering to the s...
0603 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0604 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0605 | chipping mark: ocal damage due to use of a chisel or other tools
0606 | underflushing: reduction in the thickness of the workpiece due to excessive grinding
0607 | tack weld imperfection: imperfection resulting from defective tack welding, e.g.
0608 | misalignment of opposite runs: difference between the centrelines of two runs made from oppos...
0610 | temper colours (visible oxide film): lightly oxidized surface in the weld zone, e.g. in stain...
0613 | scaled surface: heavily oxidized surface in the weld zone
0614 | flux residue: flux residue that is not sufficiently removed from the surface
0615 | slag residue: adherent slag that is not sufficiently removed from the surface of the weld
0617 | incorrect root gap for fillet welds: excessive or insufficient gap between the parts to be jo...
0618 | swelling: imperfection due to a burning on welded joints in light alloys resulting from a pro...
1001 | microcrack: crack visible only under the microscope
1011 | longitudinal crack: in the weld metal,
1012 | longitudinal crack: at the weld junction
1013 | longitudinal crack: in the heat-affected zone
1014 | longitudinal crack: in the parent material
1023 | transverse crack: in the weld metal
1023 | transverse crack: in the heat-affected zone
1024 | transverse crack: in the parent material
1031 | radiating cracks: in the weld metal
1033 | radiating cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1034 | radiating cracks: in the parent material
1045 | crater crack: longitudinal
1046 | crater crack: transverse
1047 | crater crack: radiating (star cracking).
1051 | group of disconnected cracks: in the weld metal
1053 | group of disconnected cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1054 | group of disconnected cracks: in the parent material
1061 | branching crack: in the weld metal
1063 | branching crack: in the heat-affected zone
1064 | branching crack: in the parent material
2011 | gas pore: gas cavity of essentially spherical form
2012 | uniformly distributed porosity: number of gas pores distributed in a substantially uniform ma...
2013 | clustered (localized) porosity: group of gas pores having a random geometric distribution
2014 | linear porosity: row of gas pores situated parallel to the axis of the weld
2015 | elongated cavity: large, non-spherical cavity with its major dimension approximately parallel...
2016 | worm-hole: tubular cavity in weld metal caused by release of gas
2017 | surface pore: gas pore that breaks the surface of the weld
2018 | surface porosity: porosity appearing at the surface of the weld single or multiple gas caviti...
2021 | interdendritic shrinkage: elongated shrinkage cavity that can contain entrapped gas, formed b...
2024 | crater pipe: shrinkage cavity at the end of a weld run and not eliminated before or during su...
2025 | end crater pipe: open crater with a hole reducing the cross-section of the weld
2031 | interdendritic microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage formed between dendrites during cool...
2032 | transgranular microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage cavity crossing grains during solidif...
3011 | slag inclusion: linear
3012 | slag inclusion: isolated
3013 | slag inclusion: clustered
3021 | flux inclusion: linear
3022 | flux inclusion: isolated
3023 | flux inclusion: clustered
3031 | oxide inclusion: linear
3032 | oxide inclusion: isolated
3033 | oxide inclusion: clustered
3034 | puckering: in certain cases, especially in aluminium alloys, gross oxide film enfoldment can ...
3041 | metallic inclusion: tungsten
3042 | metallic inclusion: copper
3043 | metallic inclusion: other metal
4011 | lack of fusion: lack of side-wall fusion
4012 | lack of fusion: lack of inter-run fusion
4013 | lack of fusion: lack of root fusion
4014 | lack of fusion: micro-lack of fusion
4021 | incomplete root penetration: one or both fusion faces of the root are not melted
5011 | continuous undercut: undercut of significant length without interruption
5012 | intermittent undercut: short length of undercut, intermittent along the weld
5013 | shrinkage grooves: undercuts visible on each side of the root run
5014 | inter-run undercut (interpass undercut): undercut in the longitudinal direction between weld ...
5015 | local intermittent undercut: short undercuts, irregularly spaced, on the side or on the surfa...
5051 | incorrect weld toe angle: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material su...
5052 | incorrect weld toe angle: incorrect weld toe radius too small a radius (r) at the toe of the ...
5061 | Weld metal overflow at the top layer: toe overlap at the weld toe
5062 | Weld metal overflow on the root side: root overlap at the weld root
5071 | linear misalignment between plates: pieces are plates
5072 | linear misalignment between tubes: pieces are tubes
5091 | leading weld metal: sagging in the horizontal position
5092 | leading weld metal: sagging in the flat or overhead position
5093 | leading weld metal: sagging in a fillet weld
5094 | leading weld metal: sagging (melting) at the edge of the weld
5171 | poor restart: in the capping run
5172 | poor restart: in the root run
5211 | excessive weld thickness: weld thickness is too large
5212 | excessive weld width: weld width is too large
5213 | insufficient throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too small
5214 | excessive throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too large
6021 | tungsten spatter: particles of tungsten transferred from the electrode to the surface of pare...
6071 | tack weld imperfection: broken run or no penetration
6072 | tack weld imperfection: defective tack has been overwelded
6101 | discolouration: visibly tinted surface layers in the weld metal and heataffected zone caused ...
a
na
DL
WL
parent metal
weld metal
Weld interface
0100 | crack: imperfection produced by a local rupture in the solid state which can arise from the e...
0101 | longitudinal crack: crack essentially parallel to the axis of the weld
0102 | transverse crack: crack essentially transverse to the axis of the weld
0103 | radiating cracks: cracks radiating from a common point
0104 | crater crack: crack in the crater at the end of a weld which can be
0105 | group of disconnected cracks: group of disconnected cracks in any direction
0106 | branching crack: group of connected cracks originating from a common crack and distinguishabl...
0201 | gas cavity: cavity formed by entrapped gas
0202 | shrinkage cavity: cavity due to shrinkage during solidification
0203 | micro-shrinkage: shrinkage cavity visible only under the microscope
0300 | solid inclusion: solid foreign substances entrapped in the weld metal
0301 | slag inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of slag
0302 | flux inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of flux
0303 | oxide inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of metallic oxide
0304 | metallic inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of foreign metal
0401 | lack of fusion: lack of union between the weld metal and the parent material or between the s...
0402 | incomplete penetration (lack of penetration): difference between the actual and the nominal p...
0403 | spiking: extremely non-uniform penetration occurring in electron-beam and laser welding givin...
0500 | imperfect shape: imperfect shape of the external surfaces of the weld or defective joint geom...
0501 | undercut: irregular groove at a toe of a run in the parent material or in previously deposite...
0502 | excess weld metal: reinforcement of the butt weld on the face is too large
0503 | excessive convexity: reinforcement of the fillet is too large
0504 | excessive penetration: reinforcement of the butt weld on the root side is too large
0505 | incorrect weld toe: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material surface ...
0506 | weld metal overflow: excessive weld metal covering the parent material surface but not fused ...
0507 | linear misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that they are not in the sam...
0508 | angular misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that their surface planes a...
0509 | leading weld metal: weld metal collapse due to gravity
0510 | burn-through: collapse of the weld pool resulting in a hole in the weld
0511 | incompletely filled groove: longitudinal continuous or intermittent channel in the surface of...
0512 | excessive asymmetry of fillet weld (excessive unequal leg length): explanation not necessary
0513 | irregular width: excessive variation in width of the weld
0514 | irregular surface: excessive surface roughness
0515 | root concavity: shallow groove due to shrinkage of a butt weld at the root (see also 5013)
0516 | root porosity: spongy formation at the root of a weld due to bubbling of the weld metal at th...
0517 | poor restart: local surface irregularity at a weld restart
0520 | excessive distortion: dimensional deviation due to shrinkage and distortion of welds
0521 | incorrect weld dimensions: deviation from prescribed dimensions of the weld
0600 | miscellaneous imperfections: all imperfections which cannot be included in groups 1 to 5
0601 | arc strike stray arc: local damage to the surface of the parent material adjacent to the weld...
0602 | spatter: globules of weld metal or filler metal expelled during welding and adhering to the s...
0603 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0604 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0605 | chipping mark: ocal damage due to use of a chisel or other tools
0606 | underflushing: reduction in the thickness of the workpiece due to excessive grinding
0607 | tack weld imperfection: imperfection resulting from defective tack welding, e.g.
0608 | misalignment of opposite runs: difference between the centrelines of two runs made from oppos...
0610 | temper colours (visible oxide film): lightly oxidized surface in the weld zone, e.g. in stain...
0613 | scaled surface: heavily oxidized surface in the weld zone
0614 | flux residue: flux residue that is not sufficiently removed from the surface
0615 | slag residue: adherent slag that is not sufficiently removed from the surface of the weld
0617 | incorrect root gap for fillet welds: excessive or insufficient gap between the parts to be jo...
0618 | swelling: imperfection due to a burning on welded joints in light alloys resulting from a pro...
1001 | microcrack: crack visible only under the microscope
1011 | longitudinal crack: in the weld metal,
1012 | longitudinal crack: at the weld junction
1013 | longitudinal crack: in the heat-affected zone
1014 | longitudinal crack: in the parent material
1023 | transverse crack: in the weld metal
1023 | transverse crack: in the heat-affected zone
1024 | transverse crack: in the parent material
1031 | radiating cracks: in the weld metal
1033 | radiating cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1034 | radiating cracks: in the parent material
1045 | crater crack: longitudinal
1046 | crater crack: transverse
1047 | crater crack: radiating (star cracking).
1051 | group of disconnected cracks: in the weld metal
1053 | group of disconnected cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1054 | group of disconnected cracks: in the parent material
1061 | branching crack: in the weld metal
1063 | branching crack: in the heat-affected zone
1064 | branching crack: in the parent material
2011 | gas pore: gas cavity of essentially spherical form
2012 | uniformly distributed porosity: number of gas pores distributed in a substantially uniform ma...
2013 | clustered (localized) porosity: group of gas pores having a random geometric distribution
2014 | linear porosity: row of gas pores situated parallel to the axis of the weld
2015 | elongated cavity: large, non-spherical cavity with its major dimension approximately parallel...
2016 | worm-hole: tubular cavity in weld metal caused by release of gas
2017 | surface pore: gas pore that breaks the surface of the weld
2018 | surface porosity: porosity appearing at the surface of the weld single or multiple gas caviti...
2021 | interdendritic shrinkage: elongated shrinkage cavity that can contain entrapped gas, formed b...
2024 | crater pipe: shrinkage cavity at the end of a weld run and not eliminated before or during su...
2025 | end crater pipe: open crater with a hole reducing the cross-section of the weld
2031 | interdendritic microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage formed between dendrites during cool...
2032 | transgranular microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage cavity crossing grains during solidif...
3011 | slag inclusion: linear
3012 | slag inclusion: isolated
3013 | slag inclusion: clustered
3021 | flux inclusion: linear
3022 | flux inclusion: isolated
3023 | flux inclusion: clustered
3031 | oxide inclusion: linear
3032 | oxide inclusion: isolated
3033 | oxide inclusion: clustered
3034 | puckering: in certain cases, especially in aluminium alloys, gross oxide film enfoldment can ...
3041 | metallic inclusion: tungsten
3042 | metallic inclusion: copper
3043 | metallic inclusion: other metal
4011 | lack of fusion: lack of side-wall fusion
4012 | lack of fusion: lack of inter-run fusion
4013 | lack of fusion: lack of root fusion
4014 | lack of fusion: micro-lack of fusion
4021 | incomplete root penetration: one or both fusion faces of the root are not melted
5011 | continuous undercut: undercut of significant length without interruption
5012 | intermittent undercut: short length of undercut, intermittent along the weld
5013 | shrinkage grooves: undercuts visible on each side of the root run
5014 | inter-run undercut (interpass undercut): undercut in the longitudinal direction between weld ...
5015 | local intermittent undercut: short undercuts, irregularly spaced, on the side or on the surfa...
5051 | incorrect weld toe angle: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material su...
5052 | incorrect weld toe angle: incorrect weld toe radius too small a radius (r) at the toe of the ...
5061 | Weld metal overflow at the top layer: toe overlap at the weld toe
5062 | Weld metal overflow on the root side: root overlap at the weld root
5071 | linear misalignment between plates: pieces are plates
5072 | linear misalignment between tubes: pieces are tubes
5091 | leading weld metal: sagging in the horizontal position
5092 | leading weld metal: sagging in the flat or overhead position
5093 | leading weld metal: sagging in a fillet weld
5094 | leading weld metal: sagging (melting) at the edge of the weld
5171 | poor restart: in the capping run
5172 | poor restart: in the root run
5211 | excessive weld thickness: weld thickness is too large
5212 | excessive weld width: weld width is too large
5213 | insufficient throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too small
5214 | excessive throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too large
6021 | tungsten spatter: particles of tungsten transferred from the electrode to the surface of pare...
6071 | tack weld imperfection: broken run or no penetration
6072 | tack weld imperfection: defective tack has been overwelded
6101 | discolouration: visibly tinted surface layers in the weld metal and heataffected zone caused ...
a
na
DL
WL
parent metal
weld metal
Weld interface
0100 | crack: imperfection produced by a local rupture in the solid state which can arise from the e...
0101 | longitudinal crack: crack essentially parallel to the axis of the weld
0102 | transverse crack: crack essentially transverse to the axis of the weld
0103 | radiating cracks: cracks radiating from a common point
0104 | crater crack: crack in the crater at the end of a weld which can be
0105 | group of disconnected cracks: group of disconnected cracks in any direction
0106 | branching crack: group of connected cracks originating from a common crack and distinguishabl...
0201 | gas cavity: cavity formed by entrapped gas
0202 | shrinkage cavity: cavity due to shrinkage during solidification
0203 | micro-shrinkage: shrinkage cavity visible only under the microscope
0300 | solid inclusion: solid foreign substances entrapped in the weld metal
0301 | slag inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of slag
0302 | flux inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of flux
0303 | oxide inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of metallic oxide
0304 | metallic inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of foreign metal
0401 | lack of fusion: lack of union between the weld metal and the parent material or between the s...
0402 | incomplete penetration (lack of penetration): difference between the actual and the nominal p...
0403 | spiking: extremely non-uniform penetration occurring in electron-beam and laser welding givin...
0500 | imperfect shape: imperfect shape of the external surfaces of the weld or defective joint geom...
0501 | undercut: irregular groove at a toe of a run in the parent material or in previously deposite...
0502 | excess weld metal: reinforcement of the butt weld on the face is too large
0503 | excessive convexity: reinforcement of the fillet is too large
0504 | excessive penetration: reinforcement of the butt weld on the root side is too large
0505 | incorrect weld toe: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material surface ...
0506 | weld metal overflow: excessive weld metal covering the parent material surface but not fused ...
0507 | linear misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that they are not in the sam...
0508 | angular misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that their surface planes a...
0509 | leading weld metal: weld metal collapse due to gravity
0510 | burn-through: collapse of the weld pool resulting in a hole in the weld
0511 | incompletely filled groove: longitudinal continuous or intermittent channel in the surface of...
0512 | excessive asymmetry of fillet weld (excessive unequal leg length): explanation not necessary
0513 | irregular width: excessive variation in width of the weld
0514 | irregular surface: excessive surface roughness
0515 | root concavity: shallow groove due to shrinkage of a butt weld at the root (see also 5013)
0516 | root porosity: spongy formation at the root of a weld due to bubbling of the weld metal at th...
0517 | poor restart: local surface irregularity at a weld restart
0520 | excessive distortion: dimensional deviation due to shrinkage and distortion of welds
0521 | incorrect weld dimensions: deviation from prescribed dimensions of the weld
0600 | miscellaneous imperfections: all imperfections which cannot be included in groups 1 to 5
0601 | arc strike stray arc: local damage to the surface of the parent material adjacent to the weld...
0602 | spatter: globules of weld metal or filler metal expelled during welding and adhering to the s...
0603 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0604 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0605 | chipping mark: ocal damage due to use of a chisel or other tools
0606 | underflushing: reduction in the thickness of the workpiece due to excessive grinding
0607 | tack weld imperfection: imperfection resulting from defective tack welding, e.g.
0608 | misalignment of opposite runs: difference between the centrelines of two runs made from oppos...
0610 | temper colours (visible oxide film): lightly oxidized surface in the weld zone, e.g. in stain...
0613 | scaled surface: heavily oxidized surface in the weld zone
0614 | flux residue: flux residue that is not sufficiently removed from the surface
0615 | slag residue: adherent slag that is not sufficiently removed from the surface of the weld
0617 | incorrect root gap for fillet welds: excessive or insufficient gap between the parts to be jo...
0618 | swelling: imperfection due to a burning on welded joints in light alloys resulting from a pro...
1001 | microcrack: crack visible only under the microscope
1011 | longitudinal crack: in the weld metal,
1012 | longitudinal crack: at the weld junction
1013 | longitudinal crack: in the heat-affected zone
1014 | longitudinal crack: in the parent material
1023 | transverse crack: in the weld metal
1023 | transverse crack: in the heat-affected zone
1024 | transverse crack: in the parent material
1031 | radiating cracks: in the weld metal
1033 | radiating cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1034 | radiating cracks: in the parent material
1045 | crater crack: longitudinal
1046 | crater crack: transverse
1047 | crater crack: radiating (star cracking).
1051 | group of disconnected cracks: in the weld metal
1053 | group of disconnected cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1054 | group of disconnected cracks: in the parent material
1061 | branching crack: in the weld metal
1063 | branching crack: in the heat-affected zone
1064 | branching crack: in the parent material
2011 | gas pore: gas cavity of essentially spherical form
2012 | uniformly distributed porosity: number of gas pores distributed in a substantially uniform ma...
2013 | clustered (localized) porosity: group of gas pores having a random geometric distribution
2014 | linear porosity: row of gas pores situated parallel to the axis of the weld
2015 | elongated cavity: large, non-spherical cavity with its major dimension approximately parallel...
2016 | worm-hole: tubular cavity in weld metal caused by release of gas
2017 | surface pore: gas pore that breaks the surface of the weld
2018 | surface porosity: porosity appearing at the surface of the weld single or multiple gas caviti...
2021 | interdendritic shrinkage: elongated shrinkage cavity that can contain entrapped gas, formed b...
2024 | crater pipe: shrinkage cavity at the end of a weld run and not eliminated before or during su...
2025 | end crater pipe: open crater with a hole reducing the cross-section of the weld
2031 | interdendritic microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage formed between dendrites during cool...
2032 | transgranular microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage cavity crossing grains during solidif...
3011 | slag inclusion: linear
3012 | slag inclusion: isolated
3013 | slag inclusion: clustered
3021 | flux inclusion: linear
3022 | flux inclusion: isolated
3023 | flux inclusion: clustered
3031 | oxide inclusion: linear
3032 | oxide inclusion: isolated
3033 | oxide inclusion: clustered
3034 | puckering: in certain cases, especially in aluminium alloys, gross oxide film enfoldment can ...
3041 | metallic inclusion: tungsten
3042 | metallic inclusion: copper
3043 | metallic inclusion: other metal
4011 | lack of fusion: lack of side-wall fusion
4012 | lack of fusion: lack of inter-run fusion
4013 | lack of fusion: lack of root fusion
4014 | lack of fusion: micro-lack of fusion
4021 | incomplete root penetration: one or both fusion faces of the root are not melted
5011 | continuous undercut: undercut of significant length without interruption
5012 | intermittent undercut: short length of undercut, intermittent along the weld
5013 | shrinkage grooves: undercuts visible on each side of the root run
5014 | inter-run undercut (interpass undercut): undercut in the longitudinal direction between weld ...
5015 | local intermittent undercut: short undercuts, irregularly spaced, on the side or on the surfa...
5051 | incorrect weld toe angle: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material su...
5052 | incorrect weld toe angle: incorrect weld toe radius too small a radius (r) at the toe of the ...
5061 | Weld metal overflow at the top layer: toe overlap at the weld toe
5062 | Weld metal overflow on the root side: root overlap at the weld root
5071 | linear misalignment between plates: pieces are plates
5072 | linear misalignment between tubes: pieces are tubes
5091 | leading weld metal: sagging in the horizontal position
5092 | leading weld metal: sagging in the flat or overhead position
5093 | leading weld metal: sagging in a fillet weld
5094 | leading weld metal: sagging (melting) at the edge of the weld
5171 | poor restart: in the capping run
5172 | poor restart: in the root run
5211 | excessive weld thickness: weld thickness is too large
5212 | excessive weld width: weld width is too large
5213 | insufficient throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too small
5214 | excessive throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too large
6021 | tungsten spatter: particles of tungsten transferred from the electrode to the surface of pare...
6071 | tack weld imperfection: broken run or no penetration
6072 | tack weld imperfection: defective tack has been overwelded
6101 | discolouration: visibly tinted surface layers in the weld metal and heataffected zone caused ...
a
na
DL
WL
parent metal
weld metal
Weld interface
0100 | crack: imperfection produced by a local rupture in the solid state which can arise from the e...
0101 | longitudinal crack: crack essentially parallel to the axis of the weld
0102 | transverse crack: crack essentially transverse to the axis of the weld
0103 | radiating cracks: cracks radiating from a common point
0104 | crater crack: crack in the crater at the end of a weld which can be
0105 | group of disconnected cracks: group of disconnected cracks in any direction
0106 | branching crack: group of connected cracks originating from a common crack and distinguishabl...
0201 | gas cavity: cavity formed by entrapped gas
0202 | shrinkage cavity: cavity due to shrinkage during solidification
0203 | micro-shrinkage: shrinkage cavity visible only under the microscope
0300 | solid inclusion: solid foreign substances entrapped in the weld metal
0301 | slag inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of slag
0302 | flux inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of flux
0303 | oxide inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of metallic oxide
0304 | metallic inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of foreign metal
0401 | lack of fusion: lack of union between the weld metal and the parent material or between the s...
0402 | incomplete penetration (lack of penetration): difference between the actual and the nominal p...
0403 | spiking: extremely non-uniform penetration occurring in electron-beam and laser welding givin...
0500 | imperfect shape: imperfect shape of the external surfaces of the weld or defective joint geom...
0501 | undercut: irregular groove at a toe of a run in the parent material or in previously deposite...
0502 | excess weld metal: reinforcement of the butt weld on the face is too large
0503 | excessive convexity: reinforcement of the fillet is too large
0504 | excessive penetration: reinforcement of the butt weld on the root side is too large
0505 | incorrect weld toe: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material surface ...
0506 | weld metal overflow: excessive weld metal covering the parent material surface but not fused ...
0507 | linear misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that they are not in the sam...
0508 | angular misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that their surface planes a...
0509 | leading weld metal: weld metal collapse due to gravity
0510 | burn-through: collapse of the weld pool resulting in a hole in the weld
0511 | incompletely filled groove: longitudinal continuous or intermittent channel in the surface of...
0512 | excessive asymmetry of fillet weld (excessive unequal leg length): explanation not necessary
0513 | irregular width: excessive variation in width of the weld
0514 | irregular surface: excessive surface roughness
0515 | root concavity: shallow groove due to shrinkage of a butt weld at the root (see also 5013)
0516 | root porosity: spongy formation at the root of a weld due to bubbling of the weld metal at th...
0517 | poor restart: local surface irregularity at a weld restart
0520 | excessive distortion: dimensional deviation due to shrinkage and distortion of welds
0521 | incorrect weld dimensions: deviation from prescribed dimensions of the weld
0600 | miscellaneous imperfections: all imperfections which cannot be included in groups 1 to 5
0601 | arc strike stray arc: local damage to the surface of the parent material adjacent to the weld...
0602 | spatter: globules of weld metal or filler metal expelled during welding and adhering to the s...
0603 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0604 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0605 | chipping mark: ocal damage due to use of a chisel or other tools
0606 | underflushing: reduction in the thickness of the workpiece due to excessive grinding
0607 | tack weld imperfection: imperfection resulting from defective tack welding, e.g.
0608 | misalignment of opposite runs: difference between the centrelines of two runs made from oppos...
0610 | temper colours (visible oxide film): lightly oxidized surface in the weld zone, e.g. in stain...
0613 | scaled surface: heavily oxidized surface in the weld zone
0614 | flux residue: flux residue that is not sufficiently removed from the surface
0615 | slag residue: adherent slag that is not sufficiently removed from the surface of the weld
0617 | incorrect root gap for fillet welds: excessive or insufficient gap between the parts to be jo...
0618 | swelling: imperfection due to a burning on welded joints in light alloys resulting from a pro...
1001 | microcrack: crack visible only under the microscope
1011 | longitudinal crack: in the weld metal,
1012 | longitudinal crack: at the weld junction
1013 | longitudinal crack: in the heat-affected zone
1014 | longitudinal crack: in the parent material
1023 | transverse crack: in the weld metal
1023 | transverse crack: in the heat-affected zone
1024 | transverse crack: in the parent material
1031 | radiating cracks: in the weld metal
1033 | radiating cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1034 | radiating cracks: in the parent material
1045 | crater crack: longitudinal
1046 | crater crack: transverse
1047 | crater crack: radiating (star cracking).
1051 | group of disconnected cracks: in the weld metal
1053 | group of disconnected cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1054 | group of disconnected cracks: in the parent material
1061 | branching crack: in the weld metal
1063 | branching crack: in the heat-affected zone
1064 | branching crack: in the parent material
2011 | gas pore: gas cavity of essentially spherical form
2012 | uniformly distributed porosity: number of gas pores distributed in a substantially uniform ma...
2013 | clustered (localized) porosity: group of gas pores having a random geometric distribution
2014 | linear porosity: row of gas pores situated parallel to the axis of the weld
2015 | elongated cavity: large, non-spherical cavity with its major dimension approximately parallel...
2016 | worm-hole: tubular cavity in weld metal caused by release of gas
2017 | surface pore: gas pore that breaks the surface of the weld
2018 | surface porosity: porosity appearing at the surface of the weld single or multiple gas caviti...
2021 | interdendritic shrinkage: elongated shrinkage cavity that can contain entrapped gas, formed b...
2024 | crater pipe: shrinkage cavity at the end of a weld run and not eliminated before or during su...
2025 | end crater pipe: open crater with a hole reducing the cross-section of the weld
2031 | interdendritic microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage formed between dendrites during cool...
2032 | transgranular microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage cavity crossing grains during solidif...
3011 | slag inclusion: linear
3012 | slag inclusion: isolated
3013 | slag inclusion: clustered
3021 | flux inclusion: linear
3022 | flux inclusion: isolated
3023 | flux inclusion: clustered
3031 | oxide inclusion: linear
3032 | oxide inclusion: isolated
3033 | oxide inclusion: clustered
3034 | puckering: in certain cases, especially in aluminium alloys, gross oxide film enfoldment can ...
3041 | metallic inclusion: tungsten
3042 | metallic inclusion: copper
3043 | metallic inclusion: other metal
4011 | lack of fusion: lack of side-wall fusion
4012 | lack of fusion: lack of inter-run fusion
4013 | lack of fusion: lack of root fusion
4014 | lack of fusion: micro-lack of fusion
4021 | incomplete root penetration: one or both fusion faces of the root are not melted
5011 | continuous undercut: undercut of significant length without interruption
5012 | intermittent undercut: short length of undercut, intermittent along the weld
5013 | shrinkage grooves: undercuts visible on each side of the root run
5014 | inter-run undercut (interpass undercut): undercut in the longitudinal direction between weld ...
5015 | local intermittent undercut: short undercuts, irregularly spaced, on the side or on the surfa...
5051 | incorrect weld toe angle: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material su...
5052 | incorrect weld toe angle: incorrect weld toe radius too small a radius (r) at the toe of the ...
5061 | Weld metal overflow at the top layer: toe overlap at the weld toe
5062 | Weld metal overflow on the root side: root overlap at the weld root
5071 | linear misalignment between plates: pieces are plates
5072 | linear misalignment between tubes: pieces are tubes
5091 | leading weld metal: sagging in the horizontal position
5092 | leading weld metal: sagging in the flat or overhead position
5093 | leading weld metal: sagging in a fillet weld
5094 | leading weld metal: sagging (melting) at the edge of the weld
5171 | poor restart: in the capping run
5172 | poor restart: in the root run
5211 | excessive weld thickness: weld thickness is too large
5212 | excessive weld width: weld width is too large
5213 | insufficient throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too small
5214 | excessive throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too large
6021 | tungsten spatter: particles of tungsten transferred from the electrode to the surface of pare...
6071 | tack weld imperfection: broken run or no penetration
6072 | tack weld imperfection: defective tack has been overwelded
6101 | discolouration: visibly tinted surface layers in the weld metal and heataffected zone caused ...
a
na
DL
WL
parent metal
weld metal
Weld interface
0100 | crack: imperfection produced by a local rupture in the solid state which can arise from the e...
0101 | longitudinal crack: crack essentially parallel to the axis of the weld
0102 | transverse crack: crack essentially transverse to the axis of the weld
0103 | radiating cracks: cracks radiating from a common point
0104 | crater crack: crack in the crater at the end of a weld which can be
0105 | group of disconnected cracks: group of disconnected cracks in any direction
0106 | branching crack: group of connected cracks originating from a common crack and distinguishabl...
0201 | gas cavity: cavity formed by entrapped gas
0202 | shrinkage cavity: cavity due to shrinkage during solidification
0203 | micro-shrinkage: shrinkage cavity visible only under the microscope
0300 | solid inclusion: solid foreign substances entrapped in the weld metal
0301 | slag inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of slag
0302 | flux inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of flux
0303 | oxide inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of metallic oxide
0304 | metallic inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of foreign metal
0401 | lack of fusion: lack of union between the weld metal and the parent material or between the s...
0402 | incomplete penetration (lack of penetration): difference between the actual and the nominal p...
0403 | spiking: extremely non-uniform penetration occurring in electron-beam and laser welding givin...
0500 | imperfect shape: imperfect shape of the external surfaces of the weld or defective joint geom...
0501 | undercut: irregular groove at a toe of a run in the parent material or in previously deposite...
0502 | excess weld metal: reinforcement of the butt weld on the face is too large
0503 | excessive convexity: reinforcement of the fillet is too large
0504 | excessive penetration: reinforcement of the butt weld on the root side is too large
0505 | incorrect weld toe: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material surface ...
0506 | weld metal overflow: excessive weld metal covering the parent material surface but not fused ...
0507 | linear misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that they are not in the sam...
0508 | angular misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that their surface planes a...
0509 | leading weld metal: weld metal collapse due to gravity
0510 | burn-through: collapse of the weld pool resulting in a hole in the weld
0511 | incompletely filled groove: longitudinal continuous or intermittent channel in the surface of...
0512 | excessive asymmetry of fillet weld (excessive unequal leg length): explanation not necessary
0513 | irregular width: excessive variation in width of the weld
0514 | irregular surface: excessive surface roughness
0515 | root concavity: shallow groove due to shrinkage of a butt weld at the root (see also 5013)
0516 | root porosity: spongy formation at the root of a weld due to bubbling of the weld metal at th...
0517 | poor restart: local surface irregularity at a weld restart
0520 | excessive distortion: dimensional deviation due to shrinkage and distortion of welds
0521 | incorrect weld dimensions: deviation from prescribed dimensions of the weld
0600 | miscellaneous imperfections: all imperfections which cannot be included in groups 1 to 5
0601 | arc strike stray arc: local damage to the surface of the parent material adjacent to the weld...
0602 | spatter: globules of weld metal or filler metal expelled during welding and adhering to the s...
0603 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0604 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0605 | chipping mark: ocal damage due to use of a chisel or other tools
0606 | underflushing: reduction in the thickness of the workpiece due to excessive grinding
0607 | tack weld imperfection: imperfection resulting from defective tack welding, e.g.
0608 | misalignment of opposite runs: difference between the centrelines of two runs made from oppos...
0610 | temper colours (visible oxide film): lightly oxidized surface in the weld zone, e.g. in stain...
0613 | scaled surface: heavily oxidized surface in the weld zone
0614 | flux residue: flux residue that is not sufficiently removed from the surface
0615 | slag residue: adherent slag that is not sufficiently removed from the surface of the weld
0617 | incorrect root gap for fillet welds: excessive or insufficient gap between the parts to be jo...
0618 | swelling: imperfection due to a burning on welded joints in light alloys resulting from a pro...
1001 | microcrack: crack visible only under the microscope
1011 | longitudinal crack: in the weld metal,
1012 | longitudinal crack: at the weld junction
1013 | longitudinal crack: in the heat-affected zone
1014 | longitudinal crack: in the parent material
1023 | transverse crack: in the weld metal
1023 | transverse crack: in the heat-affected zone
1024 | transverse crack: in the parent material
1031 | radiating cracks: in the weld metal
1033 | radiating cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1034 | radiating cracks: in the parent material
1045 | crater crack: longitudinal
1046 | crater crack: transverse
1047 | crater crack: radiating (star cracking).
1051 | group of disconnected cracks: in the weld metal
1053 | group of disconnected cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1054 | group of disconnected cracks: in the parent material
1061 | branching crack: in the weld metal
1063 | branching crack: in the heat-affected zone
1064 | branching crack: in the parent material
2011 | gas pore: gas cavity of essentially spherical form
2012 | uniformly distributed porosity: number of gas pores distributed in a substantially uniform ma...
2013 | clustered (localized) porosity: group of gas pores having a random geometric distribution
2014 | linear porosity: row of gas pores situated parallel to the axis of the weld
2015 | elongated cavity: large, non-spherical cavity with its major dimension approximately parallel...
2016 | worm-hole: tubular cavity in weld metal caused by release of gas
2017 | surface pore: gas pore that breaks the surface of the weld
2018 | surface porosity: porosity appearing at the surface of the weld single or multiple gas caviti...
2021 | interdendritic shrinkage: elongated shrinkage cavity that can contain entrapped gas, formed b...
2024 | crater pipe: shrinkage cavity at the end of a weld run and not eliminated before or during su...
2025 | end crater pipe: open crater with a hole reducing the cross-section of the weld
2031 | interdendritic microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage formed between dendrites during cool...
2032 | transgranular microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage cavity crossing grains during solidif...
3011 | slag inclusion: linear
3012 | slag inclusion: isolated
3013 | slag inclusion: clustered
3021 | flux inclusion: linear
3022 | flux inclusion: isolated
3023 | flux inclusion: clustered
3031 | oxide inclusion: linear
3032 | oxide inclusion: isolated
3033 | oxide inclusion: clustered
3034 | puckering: in certain cases, especially in aluminium alloys, gross oxide film enfoldment can ...
3041 | metallic inclusion: tungsten
3042 | metallic inclusion: copper
3043 | metallic inclusion: other metal
4011 | lack of fusion: lack of side-wall fusion
4012 | lack of fusion: lack of inter-run fusion
4013 | lack of fusion: lack of root fusion
4014 | lack of fusion: micro-lack of fusion
4021 | incomplete root penetration: one or both fusion faces of the root are not melted
5011 | continuous undercut: undercut of significant length without interruption
5012 | intermittent undercut: short length of undercut, intermittent along the weld
5013 | shrinkage grooves: undercuts visible on each side of the root run
5014 | inter-run undercut (interpass undercut): undercut in the longitudinal direction between weld ...
5015 | local intermittent undercut: short undercuts, irregularly spaced, on the side or on the surfa...
5051 | incorrect weld toe angle: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material su...
5052 | incorrect weld toe angle: incorrect weld toe radius too small a radius (r) at the toe of the ...
5061 | Weld metal overflow at the top layer: toe overlap at the weld toe
5062 | Weld metal overflow on the root side: root overlap at the weld root
5071 | linear misalignment between plates: pieces are plates
5072 | linear misalignment between tubes: pieces are tubes
5091 | leading weld metal: sagging in the horizontal position
5092 | leading weld metal: sagging in the flat or overhead position
5093 | leading weld metal: sagging in a fillet weld
5094 | leading weld metal: sagging (melting) at the edge of the weld
5171 | poor restart: in the capping run
5172 | poor restart: in the root run
5211 | excessive weld thickness: weld thickness is too large
5212 | excessive weld width: weld width is too large
5213 | insufficient throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too small
5214 | excessive throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too large
6021 | tungsten spatter: particles of tungsten transferred from the electrode to the surface of pare...
6071 | tack weld imperfection: broken run or no penetration
6072 | tack weld imperfection: defective tack has been overwelded
6101 | discolouration: visibly tinted surface layers in the weld metal and heataffected zone caused ...
a
na
DL
WL
parent metal
weld metal
Weld interface
0100 | crack: imperfection produced by a local rupture in the solid state which can arise from the e...
0101 | longitudinal crack: crack essentially parallel to the axis of the weld
0102 | transverse crack: crack essentially transverse to the axis of the weld
0103 | radiating cracks: cracks radiating from a common point
0104 | crater crack: crack in the crater at the end of a weld which can be
0105 | group of disconnected cracks: group of disconnected cracks in any direction
0106 | branching crack: group of connected cracks originating from a common crack and distinguishabl...
0201 | gas cavity: cavity formed by entrapped gas
0202 | shrinkage cavity: cavity due to shrinkage during solidification
0203 | micro-shrinkage: shrinkage cavity visible only under the microscope
0300 | solid inclusion: solid foreign substances entrapped in the weld metal
0301 | slag inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of slag
0302 | flux inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of flux
0303 | oxide inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of metallic oxide
0304 | metallic inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of foreign metal
0401 | lack of fusion: lack of union between the weld metal and the parent material or between the s...
0402 | incomplete penetration (lack of penetration): difference between the actual and the nominal p...
0403 | spiking: extremely non-uniform penetration occurring in electron-beam and laser welding givin...
0500 | imperfect shape: imperfect shape of the external surfaces of the weld or defective joint geom...
0501 | undercut: irregular groove at a toe of a run in the parent material or in previously deposite...
0502 | excess weld metal: reinforcement of the butt weld on the face is too large
0503 | excessive convexity: reinforcement of the fillet is too large
0504 | excessive penetration: reinforcement of the butt weld on the root side is too large
0505 | incorrect weld toe: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material surface ...
0506 | weld metal overflow: excessive weld metal covering the parent material surface but not fused ...
0507 | linear misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that they are not in the sam...
0508 | angular misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that their surface planes a...
0509 | leading weld metal: weld metal collapse due to gravity
0510 | burn-through: collapse of the weld pool resulting in a hole in the weld
0511 | incompletely filled groove: longitudinal continuous or intermittent channel in the surface of...
0512 | excessive asymmetry of fillet weld (excessive unequal leg length): explanation not necessary
0513 | irregular width: excessive variation in width of the weld
0514 | irregular surface: excessive surface roughness
0515 | root concavity: shallow groove due to shrinkage of a butt weld at the root (see also 5013)
0516 | root porosity: spongy formation at the root of a weld due to bubbling of the weld metal at th...
0517 | poor restart: local surface irregularity at a weld restart
0520 | excessive distortion: dimensional deviation due to shrinkage and distortion of welds
0521 | incorrect weld dimensions: deviation from prescribed dimensions of the weld
0600 | miscellaneous imperfections: all imperfections which cannot be included in groups 1 to 5
0601 | arc strike stray arc: local damage to the surface of the parent material adjacent to the weld...
0602 | spatter: globules of weld metal or filler metal expelled during welding and adhering to the s...
0603 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0604 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0605 | chipping mark: ocal damage due to use of a chisel or other tools
0606 | underflushing: reduction in the thickness of the workpiece due to excessive grinding
0607 | tack weld imperfection: imperfection resulting from defective tack welding, e.g.
0608 | misalignment of opposite runs: difference between the centrelines of two runs made from oppos...
0610 | temper colours (visible oxide film): lightly oxidized surface in the weld zone, e.g. in stain...
0613 | scaled surface: heavily oxidized surface in the weld zone
0614 | flux residue: flux residue that is not sufficiently removed from the surface
0615 | slag residue: adherent slag that is not sufficiently removed from the surface of the weld
0617 | incorrect root gap for fillet welds: excessive or insufficient gap between the parts to be jo...
0618 | swelling: imperfection due to a burning on welded joints in light alloys resulting from a pro...
1001 | microcrack: crack visible only under the microscope
1011 | longitudinal crack: in the weld metal,
1012 | longitudinal crack: at the weld junction
1013 | longitudinal crack: in the heat-affected zone
1014 | longitudinal crack: in the parent material
1023 | transverse crack: in the weld metal
1023 | transverse crack: in the heat-affected zone
1024 | transverse crack: in the parent material
1031 | radiating cracks: in the weld metal
1033 | radiating cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1034 | radiating cracks: in the parent material
1045 | crater crack: longitudinal
1046 | crater crack: transverse
1047 | crater crack: radiating (star cracking).
1051 | group of disconnected cracks: in the weld metal
1053 | group of disconnected cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1054 | group of disconnected cracks: in the parent material
1061 | branching crack: in the weld metal
1063 | branching crack: in the heat-affected zone
1064 | branching crack: in the parent material
2011 | gas pore: gas cavity of essentially spherical form
2012 | uniformly distributed porosity: number of gas pores distributed in a substantially uniform ma...
2013 | clustered (localized) porosity: group of gas pores having a random geometric distribution
2014 | linear porosity: row of gas pores situated parallel to the axis of the weld
2015 | elongated cavity: large, non-spherical cavity with its major dimension approximately parallel...
2016 | worm-hole: tubular cavity in weld metal caused by release of gas
2017 | surface pore: gas pore that breaks the surface of the weld
2018 | surface porosity: porosity appearing at the surface of the weld single or multiple gas caviti...
2021 | interdendritic shrinkage: elongated shrinkage cavity that can contain entrapped gas, formed b...
2024 | crater pipe: shrinkage cavity at the end of a weld run and not eliminated before or during su...
2025 | end crater pipe: open crater with a hole reducing the cross-section of the weld
2031 | interdendritic microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage formed between dendrites during cool...
2032 | transgranular microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage cavity crossing grains during solidif...
3011 | slag inclusion: linear
3012 | slag inclusion: isolated
3013 | slag inclusion: clustered
3021 | flux inclusion: linear
3022 | flux inclusion: isolated
3023 | flux inclusion: clustered
3031 | oxide inclusion: linear
3032 | oxide inclusion: isolated
3033 | oxide inclusion: clustered
3034 | puckering: in certain cases, especially in aluminium alloys, gross oxide film enfoldment can ...
3041 | metallic inclusion: tungsten
3042 | metallic inclusion: copper
3043 | metallic inclusion: other metal
4011 | lack of fusion: lack of side-wall fusion
4012 | lack of fusion: lack of inter-run fusion
4013 | lack of fusion: lack of root fusion
4014 | lack of fusion: micro-lack of fusion
4021 | incomplete root penetration: one or both fusion faces of the root are not melted
5011 | continuous undercut: undercut of significant length without interruption
5012 | intermittent undercut: short length of undercut, intermittent along the weld
5013 | shrinkage grooves: undercuts visible on each side of the root run
5014 | inter-run undercut (interpass undercut): undercut in the longitudinal direction between weld ...
5015 | local intermittent undercut: short undercuts, irregularly spaced, on the side or on the surfa...
5051 | incorrect weld toe angle: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material su...
5052 | incorrect weld toe angle: incorrect weld toe radius too small a radius (r) at the toe of the ...
5061 | Weld metal overflow at the top layer: toe overlap at the weld toe
5062 | Weld metal overflow on the root side: root overlap at the weld root
5071 | linear misalignment between plates: pieces are plates
5072 | linear misalignment between tubes: pieces are tubes
5091 | leading weld metal: sagging in the horizontal position
5092 | leading weld metal: sagging in the flat or overhead position
5093 | leading weld metal: sagging in a fillet weld
5094 | leading weld metal: sagging (melting) at the edge of the weld
5171 | poor restart: in the capping run
5172 | poor restart: in the root run
5211 | excessive weld thickness: weld thickness is too large
5212 | excessive weld width: weld width is too large
5213 | insufficient throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too small
5214 | excessive throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too large
6021 | tungsten spatter: particles of tungsten transferred from the electrode to the surface of pare...
6071 | tack weld imperfection: broken run or no penetration
6072 | tack weld imperfection: defective tack has been overwelded
6101 | discolouration: visibly tinted surface layers in the weld metal and heataffected zone caused ...
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DL
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parent metal
weld metal
Weld interface
0100 | crack: imperfection produced by a local rupture in the solid state which can arise from the e...
0101 | longitudinal crack: crack essentially parallel to the axis of the weld
0102 | transverse crack: crack essentially transverse to the axis of the weld
0103 | radiating cracks: cracks radiating from a common point
0104 | crater crack: crack in the crater at the end of a weld which can be
0105 | group of disconnected cracks: group of disconnected cracks in any direction
0106 | branching crack: group of connected cracks originating from a common crack and distinguishabl...
0201 | gas cavity: cavity formed by entrapped gas
0202 | shrinkage cavity: cavity due to shrinkage during solidification
0203 | micro-shrinkage: shrinkage cavity visible only under the microscope
0300 | solid inclusion: solid foreign substances entrapped in the weld metal
0301 | slag inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of slag
0302 | flux inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of flux
0303 | oxide inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of metallic oxide
0304 | metallic inclusion: solid inclusion in the form of foreign metal
0401 | lack of fusion: lack of union between the weld metal and the parent material or between the s...
0402 | incomplete penetration (lack of penetration): difference between the actual and the nominal p...
0403 | spiking: extremely non-uniform penetration occurring in electron-beam and laser welding givin...
0500 | imperfect shape: imperfect shape of the external surfaces of the weld or defective joint geom...
0501 | undercut: irregular groove at a toe of a run in the parent material or in previously deposite...
0502 | excess weld metal: reinforcement of the butt weld on the face is too large
0503 | excessive convexity: reinforcement of the fillet is too large
0504 | excessive penetration: reinforcement of the butt weld on the root side is too large
0505 | incorrect weld toe: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material surface ...
0506 | weld metal overflow: excessive weld metal covering the parent material surface but not fused ...
0507 | linear misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that they are not in the sam...
0508 | angular misalignment: misalignment between two welded pieces such that their surface planes a...
0509 | leading weld metal: weld metal collapse due to gravity
0510 | burn-through: collapse of the weld pool resulting in a hole in the weld
0511 | incompletely filled groove: longitudinal continuous or intermittent channel in the surface of...
0512 | excessive asymmetry of fillet weld (excessive unequal leg length): explanation not necessary
0513 | irregular width: excessive variation in width of the weld
0514 | irregular surface: excessive surface roughness
0515 | root concavity: shallow groove due to shrinkage of a butt weld at the root (see also 5013)
0516 | root porosity: spongy formation at the root of a weld due to bubbling of the weld metal at th...
0517 | poor restart: local surface irregularity at a weld restart
0520 | excessive distortion: dimensional deviation due to shrinkage and distortion of welds
0521 | incorrect weld dimensions: deviation from prescribed dimensions of the weld
0600 | miscellaneous imperfections: all imperfections which cannot be included in groups 1 to 5
0601 | arc strike stray arc: local damage to the surface of the parent material adjacent to the weld...
0602 | spatter: globules of weld metal or filler metal expelled during welding and adhering to the s...
0603 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0604 | grinding mark: local damage due to grinding
0605 | chipping mark: ocal damage due to use of a chisel or other tools
0606 | underflushing: reduction in the thickness of the workpiece due to excessive grinding
0607 | tack weld imperfection: imperfection resulting from defective tack welding, e.g.
0608 | misalignment of opposite runs: difference between the centrelines of two runs made from oppos...
0610 | temper colours (visible oxide film): lightly oxidized surface in the weld zone, e.g. in stain...
0613 | scaled surface: heavily oxidized surface in the weld zone
0614 | flux residue: flux residue that is not sufficiently removed from the surface
0615 | slag residue: adherent slag that is not sufficiently removed from the surface of the weld
0617 | incorrect root gap for fillet welds: excessive or insufficient gap between the parts to be jo...
0618 | swelling: imperfection due to a burning on welded joints in light alloys resulting from a pro...
1001 | microcrack: crack visible only under the microscope
1011 | longitudinal crack: in the weld metal,
1012 | longitudinal crack: at the weld junction
1013 | longitudinal crack: in the heat-affected zone
1014 | longitudinal crack: in the parent material
1023 | transverse crack: in the weld metal
1023 | transverse crack: in the heat-affected zone
1024 | transverse crack: in the parent material
1031 | radiating cracks: in the weld metal
1033 | radiating cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1034 | radiating cracks: in the parent material
1045 | crater crack: longitudinal
1046 | crater crack: transverse
1047 | crater crack: radiating (star cracking).
1051 | group of disconnected cracks: in the weld metal
1053 | group of disconnected cracks: in the heat-affected zone
1054 | group of disconnected cracks: in the parent material
1061 | branching crack: in the weld metal
1063 | branching crack: in the heat-affected zone
1064 | branching crack: in the parent material
2011 | gas pore: gas cavity of essentially spherical form
2012 | uniformly distributed porosity: number of gas pores distributed in a substantially uniform ma...
2013 | clustered (localized) porosity: group of gas pores having a random geometric distribution
2014 | linear porosity: row of gas pores situated parallel to the axis of the weld
2015 | elongated cavity: large, non-spherical cavity with its major dimension approximately parallel...
2016 | worm-hole: tubular cavity in weld metal caused by release of gas
2017 | surface pore: gas pore that breaks the surface of the weld
2018 | surface porosity: porosity appearing at the surface of the weld single or multiple gas caviti...
2021 | interdendritic shrinkage: elongated shrinkage cavity that can contain entrapped gas, formed b...
2024 | crater pipe: shrinkage cavity at the end of a weld run and not eliminated before or during su...
2025 | end crater pipe: open crater with a hole reducing the cross-section of the weld
2031 | interdendritic microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage formed between dendrites during cool...
2032 | transgranular microshrinkage: elongated micro-shrinkage cavity crossing grains during solidif...
3011 | slag inclusion: linear
3012 | slag inclusion: isolated
3013 | slag inclusion: clustered
3021 | flux inclusion: linear
3022 | flux inclusion: isolated
3023 | flux inclusion: clustered
3031 | oxide inclusion: linear
3032 | oxide inclusion: isolated
3033 | oxide inclusion: clustered
3034 | puckering: in certain cases, especially in aluminium alloys, gross oxide film enfoldment can ...
3041 | metallic inclusion: tungsten
3042 | metallic inclusion: copper
3043 | metallic inclusion: other metal
4011 | lack of fusion: lack of side-wall fusion
4012 | lack of fusion: lack of inter-run fusion
4013 | lack of fusion: lack of root fusion
4014 | lack of fusion: micro-lack of fusion
4021 | incomplete root penetration: one or both fusion faces of the root are not melted
5011 | continuous undercut: undercut of significant length without interruption
5012 | intermittent undercut: short length of undercut, intermittent along the weld
5013 | shrinkage grooves: undercuts visible on each side of the root run
5014 | inter-run undercut (interpass undercut): undercut in the longitudinal direction between weld ...
5015 | local intermittent undercut: short undercuts, irregularly spaced, on the side or on the surfa...
5051 | incorrect weld toe angle: too small an angle ( ?) between the plane of the parent material su...
5052 | incorrect weld toe angle: incorrect weld toe radius too small a radius (r) at the toe of the ...
5061 | Weld metal overflow at the top layer: toe overlap at the weld toe
5062 | Weld metal overflow on the root side: root overlap at the weld root
5071 | linear misalignment between plates: pieces are plates
5072 | linear misalignment between tubes: pieces are tubes
5091 | leading weld metal: sagging in the horizontal position
5092 | leading weld metal: sagging in the flat or overhead position
5093 | leading weld metal: sagging in a fillet weld
5094 | leading weld metal: sagging (melting) at the edge of the weld
5171 | poor restart: in the capping run
5172 | poor restart: in the root run
5211 | excessive weld thickness: weld thickness is too large
5212 | excessive weld width: weld width is too large
5213 | insufficient throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too small
5214 | excessive throat thickness: actual throat thickness of the fillet weld is too large
6021 | tungsten spatter: particles of tungsten transferred from the electrode to the surface of pare...
6071 | tack weld imperfection: broken run or no penetration
6072 | tack weld imperfection: defective tack has been overwelded
6101 | discolouration: visibly tinted surface layers in the weld metal and heataffected zone caused ...
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